Doboj is the largest national railway junction and the operational base of the Railways Corporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Doboj.\u00a0It is one of the oldest cities in the country and the most important urban center in northern Republika Srpska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Prior to the\u00a0war in Bosnia\u00a0the municipality of the same name had a larger surface area. The largest part of the pre-war municipality is part of the\u00a0Republika Srpska, including the city itself, (the Doboj Region). The southern rural areas are part of the\u00a0Zenica-Doboj Canton\u00a0of the\u00a0Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the eastern rural part of the municipality is part of the\u00a0Tuzla Canton, also in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The parts of the pre-war Doboj Municipality that are in the\u00a0Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina\u00a0are the municipalities of\u00a0Doboj South\u00a0(Doboj Jug) and\u00a0Doboj East\u00a0(Doboj Istok) and the\u00a0Municipality of Usora. The northern suburbs of Doboj extend into the Pannonian plains, and effectively mark the southern tip of this great Central European plain. The southern (Doboj-South) and eastern suburbs (Doboj-East) are spread on the gentle hills which extend to larger Central Bosnian mountain areas (Mt.\u00a0Ozren\u00a0in south-east, Mt. Krnjin in the west).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancient times<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Doboj was continuously inhabited ever since\u00a0Neolithic\u00a0times. Fragments of pottery and decorative art were found on several localities, with the most known site in\u00a0Makljenovac, south from the city proper, at the confluence of rivers\u00a0Usora\u00a0and\u00a0Bosna. Archeological findings from the\u00a0paleolithic era\u00a0were found in the cave at the Vila suburb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The\u00a0Illyrian\u00a0tribe of\u00a0Daesitates\u00a0settled in this region as early as the\u00a0twelfth century BC. Daesitates were one of the largest and most important Illyrian tribes residing at the territory of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, sharing their northern borders with\u00a0Breuci, another important tribe. Daesitates and Breuci started\u00a0Great Illyrian Revolt, or in Roman sources, widespread rebellion known as\u00a0Bellum Batonianum\u00a0(6\u20139 AD). After the bloody rebellion was subdued, Roman legions permanently settled in the area and built the large military camp (Castrum) and civilian settlement (Canabea) in Makljenovac. These structures were most likely built in the early Flavian dynasty era, during Vespasian’s rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The military camp was large and in the shape of near perfect rectangle with large towers at each corner and the main gate in the middle of the central wall and served as the most important defense on the old Roman road from\u00a0Brod\u00a0to\u00a0Sarajevo, demarcating the very borders or Roman provinces\u00a0Dalmatia\u00a0and\u00a0Pannonia. It served its role for several centuries with the evidence of Belgian and Spanish cohorts stationed there in second and third century AD. Canabea contained Roman settlers, with evidence of a large bathhouse with a\u00a0hypocaust\u00a0(central heating) and a concubine house for soldiers stationed at nearby Castrum. A large Villa Rustica was located at today’s suburb of Doboj, appropriately named Vila. Very fine pieces of religious and practical applications were found at these sites, including figurines of\u00a0God Mars\u00a0and fragments of African made\u00a0Tera sigillata\u00a0pottery. When\u00a0South Slavic tribes\u00a0migrated into this area in sixth and seventh century AD, they have settled initially on the ruins of previous Roman settlement and lived there continuously until early thirteenth century at which point they used stones and building material from the old Roman Castrum in order the built the stone foundation of fortress Gradina, several kilometers due north, at today’s old town Doboj. Only the walls of former camp and civilian settlement are still visible to visitors today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Middle Ages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>14th Century Doboj Fortress, reconstructed in 2006, with a wooden stage added during reconstruction<\/p>\n\n\n\n The first official mention of the city itself is from 1415, as it was written in the charter issued by\u00a0Dubrovnik\u00a0to Holy Roman Emperor\u00a0Sigismund, although there are numerous artefacts and objects that have been found (the\u00a0National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina\u00a0in Sarajevo and the Regional Museum in Doboj) and which confirm the fact that the area had been inhabited ever since the early\u00a0Stone Age, and that the\u00a0Roman Empire\u00a0had an army camp (Castrum<\/em>) and a settlement (Canabea<\/em>) in the vicinity of the town dating from the first century AD. Following the arrival of the\u00a0Slavs\u00a0in the sixth century it became a part of the region\/bannate\u00a0Usora\u00a0(in the medieval documents sometimes put together with the nearby province\u00a0Soli, hence,\u00a0Usora\u00a0and\u00a0Soli).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The\u00a0Doboj fortress, a royal\u00a0Kotromani\u0107\u00a0fortress, was first built in the early thirteenth century and then expanded in the early fifteenth century (1415). It was expanded again during the\u00a0Ottoman Empire\u00a0in 1490. This newer stone foundation of the fortress was built on previous layers of older foundation (dating to the ninth or tenth centuries) made of wood, mud and clay (Motte and Bailey type). It was a very important obstacle for invaders coming from the north,\u00a0Hungarians, and later on,\u00a0Austrians\u00a0and\u00a0Germans. It was built in the\u00a0Gotho-Roman\u00a0style with Gothic towers and Romanesque windows. The area saw numerous battles in medieval times and the fortress often changed hands between Bosnian and Hungarian armies. Doboj was the site of a particularly major battle between the Hungarians and a Bosnian-Turkish coalition in early August 1415 in which the Hungarians were heavily defeated on the field where the modern city of Doboj lies today (especially around the Makljenovac and Usora areas). As an important border fortress between the\u00a0Bosnian Kingdom\u00a0and\u00a0Hungary\u00a0it was also frequently attacked, officially recorded as 18 times, in the\u00a0Austro-Ottoman Wars, and finally fell to the\u00a0Habsburgs\u00a0in 1878.<\/p>\n\n\n\n During\u00a0World War I, Doboj was the site of the largest\u00a0Austro-Hungarian\u00a0concentration camp.\u00a0According to its official figures, it held, between 27 December 1915 and 5 July 1917:<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>In total, 45,791 persons. Some 12,000 people have died in this camp, largely due to malnutrition and poor sanitary conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n By February 1916, the authorities began redirecting the prisoners to other camps. The\u00a0Serbs from Bosnia\u00a0were mostly sent to\u00a0Gy\u0151r\u00a0(Sopronyek, \u0160opronjek\/\u0428\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u045a\u0435\u043a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Most of the interned from Bosnia were whole families from the border regions of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is said that 5,000 families alone were uprooted from the\u00a0Sarajevo\u00a0district in eastern Bosnia along the border with the Kingdoms of Serbia & Montenegro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n From 1929 to 1941, Doboj was part of the\u00a0Vrbas Banovina\u00a0of the\u00a0Kingdom of Yugoslavia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n During\u00a0World War II, Doboj was an important site for the\u00a0partisan resistance movement. From their initial uprising in August 1941 up until the end of the war, the\u00a0Ozren\u00a0partisan squad carried out numerous diversions against the occupation forces, among the first successful operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city was an important stronghold for permanently stationed Ustasha and Domobran garrisons with smaller German units serving as liaison and in defense of important roads and railroads.\u00a0Waffen SS “Handschar” division\u00a0was partly mobilized from the local Muslim population and participated in battles around Doboj in the summer and the fall of 1944.<\/p>\n\n\n\n During this time, the\u00a0Usta\u0161a\u00a0fascist\u00a0regime, a\u00a0puppet state\u00a0of\u00a0Nazi Germany, purged primarily ethnic\u00a0Serbs,\u00a0Jews\u00a0and\u00a0Roma, as well as pro-Partisan\u00a0civilians to concentration and labor camps. According to public records 291 civilians from Doboj, of various ethnic backgrounds, perished in the\u00a0Jasenovac concentration camp. In 2010, the remains of 23 people killed by Yugoslav Partisans were found in two pits near the Doboj settlement of Majevac.\u00a0The\u00a0non-governmental organization\u00a0which discovered the remains alleges that nearby pits contain the remains of hundreds more also killed by the Partisans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Doboj with its surrounding area, mountains Ozren and Trebava, was also a particularly important site for the local Chetnik armed forces. They participated in battles against Ustasha, Domobrans, and Germans initially together with local Partisan units and then alone, after the split with Partisans in April 1942. In November 1944, the elements of Ozren Chetnik Corps and Trebava Chetnik Corps partook in the Operation Halyard, the largest US rescue mission behind enemy lines. They built an airstrip in village Boljanici from which rescued US Airmen flew to safety to Bari, Italy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The town was eventually liberated by Yugoslav Partisans on 17 April 1945. The units involved were 14th Central-Bosnian Brigade and 53rd Division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The city was flooded in May 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The city is the region’s primary railroad junction, going south to\u00a0Plo\u010de\u00a0on the\u00a0Adriatic Sea, west to\u00a0Banja Luka\u00a0and\u00a0Zagreb, north to\u00a0Vinkovci,\u00a0Croatia, and east to\u00a0Tuzla,\u00a0Bijeljina\u00a0and\u00a0Zvornik. The route of the future\u00a0E-75\u00a0highway is supposed to pass through the Doboj area, and a separate highway toward western RS and\u00a0Banja Luka\u00a0has been completed and opened in 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Doboj hosts the private\u00a0Slobomir P University\u00a0branch, with several colleges like Faculty of information technology; Faculty of economics and management; Faculty of philology; Faculty of law; Fiscal Academy and Academy of Arts. Doboj also seats the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technical School, as well as several specialized High Schools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Doboj also hosts the public Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, a branch of\u00a0University of East Sarajevo\u00a0with several departments:\u00a0Road\u00a0&\u00a0Urban Transport;\u00a0Rail Transport;\u00a0Postal Transport;\u00a0Telecommunication\u00a0and\u00a0Logistics. Since 2015\/2016. academic year, they opened new departments:\u00a0Air Transport;\u00a0Roads; Informatics in Transport and\u00a0Motor vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/a>Ognjen Kuzmi\u0107, a basketball player,\u00a02015 NBA champion\u00a0and\u00a02017 EuroBasket\u00a0silver medalist<\/p>\n\n\n\n The local\u00a0football club,\u00a0Sloga Doboj, plays in the\u00a0First League of the Republika Srpska. The town’s favourite sports activity, however, is\u00a0handball. It is being played by the local club\u00a0Sloga Doboj. Sloga Doboj ranks among the country’s top teams and consistently qualifies for international competitions. Very importantly, Doboj traditionally hosts “The Annual Doboj International Champions’ Handball Tournament” every year during the last days of August. The year 2021 will see its 53rd tournament and once again, the very best European handball teams will fight for the title of the Tournament’s Winner. The prestige of this EHF-listed tournament was consistently strong enough to attract the most important names in the European team handball over the past five decades such as:\u00a0Barcelona,\u00a0Grasshopper,\u00a0Gummersbach,\u00a0Ademar Le\u00f3n,\u00a0CSKA,\u00a0Steaua,\u00a0Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti,\u00a0Atl\u00e9tico Madrid,\u00a0Red Star,\u00a0Metaloplastika,\u00a0Partizan,\u00a0Pelister,\u00a0Nordhorn,\u00a0Pick Szeged,\u00a0Veszpr\u00e9m,\u00a0G\u00f6ppingen,\u00a0Montpellier,\u00a0d’Ivry\u00a0and\u00a0Chekhovski Medvedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The four squares represent the four mountains which mark the outer borders of Doboj valley in which the City of Doboj lies in: Ozren, Trebava, Vu\u010djak, and Krnjin. The\u00a0fleur-de-lis\u00a0represent the medieval origins of the city in the royal fortress\u00a0Gradina<\/em>\u00a0built by the kings from the medieval Bosnian dynasty of\u00a0Kotromani\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Source: www.en.wikipedia.org<\/p>\n\n\n\nWorld War I and World War II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
SFR Yugoslavia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Transportation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Society<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Education<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sport<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Symbol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Doboj_fortress.JPG\")
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